难得Google出错一次，无论是Google.com和Google.cn都有问题。无论搜索什么都是显示该站点有恶意软件。

截图留作纪念

附：cnbeta事件发展记录 http://cnbeta.com/articles/75967.htm

23:32更新:
有毒网站的判断数据恢复正常,基本可以断定stopbadware.org痛风引发Google抽风
23:21更新:
报毒情况恢复后，某些关键词的搜索结果排名也起了变化，不知这种变化与此次事故是否相关？
23:17更新:
访问已经稳定,不再出现报毒的问题,但目前尚不清楚真正有毒的网站是不是也被去掉了标识.
23:13更新：
某些地区已经恢复正常,刷新后出现时有时无的情况
23:02更新：
据悉，Google相关团队已经开始处理此问题。相信很快将得到解决。

错误日志为

15:41:52: Connecting to SSL VPN gateway
15:41:55:1001 Now start the VPN client…
15:41:56:1005 Failed to connect to Array SSL VPN server (code 2d,0,0)

其实罪魁祸首不是vista，而是上面的卡巴斯基2009。

卡巴斯基2009在Wireless和VPN等诸多方面提升了安全性，这对我们的使用却同时带来了不便，其实，卡巴斯基挡住了Array SSL VPN的arr_proxy.exe这个文件，这个文件从表面上看可以知道是进行获取IP的，但卡巴挡住了它的网络操作，它发的包就无从获得了，IP所以 就分配不到。

但是似乎在UAC打开的情况下也是没办法连接的，而且似乎禁用卡巴本身不能解决问题。

似乎有时这样还不能解决问题，那么要手动在windows 防火墙中打开443端口的访问

参考：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u1/44087/showart_1410130.html 搜到的唯一的解决方案

一段特SB的背景描述，貌似是新闻稿

“北京时间09年1月14日晚21点，在刚刚结束的冬令营开营式上，CCF秘书长杜子德教授高兴地宣布，经过学会长期的，孜孜不倦的努力，我们终于高兴的看到，从今以后，我们使联赛和高考保送正式脱钩，全场掌声雷动。讲话结束后，主持人上台说道，杜秘书长的讲话真是振奋人心。”

取消保送倒也没什么，但是突然的取消可惜了奋战在一线的同学们了。。

于是大牛们怒了

中国计算机学会CCF，及NOI官方网站被黑。

http://www.ccf.org.cn/
http://www.noi.cn/

被黑页面显示文字如下:

“Hacker by 信息猎手

你的电脑,我的权限
杜子德,取消联赛保送得付出代价,在这里替全体OIER向你竖起中指
顺便问一下我把这站黑了算是获得几等奖”

几年了，杜子德原来升官了～～

转自whitehouse

视频下载地址：http://www.whitehouse.gov/videos/2009/January/20090124_WeeklyAddress.mp4

Remarks of President Barack Obama

Weekly Address

Saturday, January 24th, 2009

We begin this year and this Administration in the midst of an unprecedented crisis that calls for unprecedented action. Just this week, we saw more people file for unemployment than at any time in the last twenty-six years, and experts agree that if nothing is done, the unemployment rate could reach double digits. Our economy could fall $1 trillion short of its full capacity, which translates into more than $12,000 in lost income for a family of four. And we could lose a generation of potential, as more young Americans are forced to forgo college dreams or the chance to train for the jobs of the future.

In short, if we do not act boldly and swiftly, a bad situation could become dramatically worse.

That is why I have proposed an American Recovery and Reinvestment Plan to immediately jumpstart job creation as well as long-term economic growth. I am pleased to say that both parties in Congress are already hard at work on this plan, and I hope to sign it into law in less than a month.

It’s a plan that will save or create three to four million jobs over the next few years, and one that recognizes both the paradox and the promise of this moment – the fact that there are millions of Americans trying to find work even as, all around the country, there’s so much work to be done. That’s why this is not just a short-term program to boost employment. It’s one that will invest in our most important priorities like energy and education; health care and a new infrastructure that are necessary to keep us strong and competitive in the 21st century.

Today I’d like to talk specifically about the progress we expect to make in each of these areas.

To accelerate the creation of a clean energy economy, we will double our capacity to generate alternative sources of energy like wind, solar, and biofuels over the next three years. We’ll begin to build a new electricity grid that lay down more than 3,000 miles of transmission lines to convey this new energy from coast to coast. We’ll save taxpayers $2 billion a year by making 75% of federal buildings more energy efficient, and save the average working family $350 on their energy bills by weatherizing 2.5 million homes.

To lower health care cost, cut medical errors, and improve care, we’ll computerize the nation’s health record in five years, saving billions of dollars in health care costs and countless lives. And we’ll protect health insurance for more than 8 million Americans who are in danger of losing their coverage during this economic downturn.

To ensure our children can compete and succeed in this new economy, we’ll renovate and modernize 10,000 schools, building state-of-the-art classrooms, libraries, and labs to improve learning for over five million students. We’ll invest more in Pell Grants to make college affordable for seven million more students, provide a $2,500 college tax credit to four million students, and triple the number of fellowships in science to help spur the next generation of innovation.

Finally, we will rebuild and retrofit America to meet the demands of the 21st century. That means repairing and modernizing thousands of miles of America’s roadways and providing new mass transit options for millions of Americans. It means protecting America by securing 90 major ports and creating a better communications network for local law enforcement and public safety officials in the event of an emergency. And it means expanding broadband access to millions of Americans, so business can compete on a level-playing field, wherever they’re located.

I know that some are skeptical about the size and scale of this recovery plan. I understand that skepticism, which is why this recovery plan must and will include unprecedented measures that will allow the American people to hold my Administration accountable for these results. We won’t just throw money at our problems – we’ll invest in what works. Instead of politicians doling out money behind a veil of secrecy, decisions about where we invest will be made public, and informed by independent experts whenever possible. We’ll launch an unprecedented effort to root out waste, inefficiency, and unnecessary spending in our government, and every American will be able to see how and where we spend taxpayer dollars by going to a new website called recovery.gov.

No one policy or program will solve the challenges we face right now, nor will this crisis recede in a short period of time. But if we act now and act boldly; if we start rewarding hard work and responsibility once more; if we act as citizens and not partisans and begin again the work of remaking America, then I have faith that we will emerge from this trying time even stronger and more prosperous than we were before. Thanks for listening.

写作特点

• 给一篇短文，30分钟，指出主要逻辑错误并提出建议建议
  辩证、批判的思维方式
  主要错误类型：
  1. 外推类错误：“十年前”
  2. 充分必要条件错误：“老俞创立。。。=>时代”
  3. 错误类比：中国对比北京
• Ex: 题库No.193
  The Department of Education in the state of Attra recommends that high school students be assigned homework every day. Yet a recent statewide survey of high school math and science teachers calls the usefulness of daily homework into question. In the district of Sanlee, 86 percent of the teachers reported assigning homework three to five times a week, whereas in the district of Marlee, less than 25 percent of the teachers reported assigning homework three to five times a week. Yet the students in Marlee earn better grades overall and are less likely to be required to repeat a year of school than are the students in Sanlee. Therefore, all teachers in our high schools should assign homework no more than twice a week, if at all.
  1. Survey调查类错误
     样本是否足够大；是否具有代表性（只涉及到math和science，不能推出全部）
  2. 因果关系类错误
     作业少和成绩好的因果关系，其他原因存在
  3. 错误类比
     “让步”语气；未必可以把A的示例“移植”到B

Argument的写作特点和整体结构

• 第一段：开头段
  主要是归纳论点，说明论点有问题，存在逻辑漏洞，准备发起进攻。
• 第二段-第三段（第四段）：正文段
  分类别去攻击各个逻辑错误
• 第五段：结尾段
  作者的结论似乎是合理的，但是通过论证不是这样的。因此作者应该考虑其他情况。

如何写开头段

• C-E-F结构（ETS标准方法）
  C-Conclusion 结论：结论未必是第一句话（可能第一句话是假结论，第二句才是真结论）
  E-Evidence 证据： 要注意改写
  F-Flaw 缺陷
• Template
  
• Ex: 题库No.1
  The following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Nature’s Way, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products.
  “Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy lives. We should therefore build our next new store in Plainsville, which has many such residents. Plainsville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs. The local health club, which nearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more members than ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full. We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Plainsville’s schoolchildren are required to participate in a ‘fitness for life’ program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an early age.”
  C: We should therefore build our next new store in Plainsville, which has many such residents.
  E1: Plainsville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs.
  E2: The local health club, which nearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more members than ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full.
  E3: We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Plainsville’s schoolchildren are required to participate in a ‘fitness for life’ program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an early age.
  

如何写正文段

• 合理安排逻辑错误的攻击顺序：三种攻击顺序，只推荐第三种
  • 按照逻辑错误出现的顺序进行顺序式攻击
  • 按照逻辑错误的主次进行攻击
  • 按照逻辑体系进行让步式攻击
• Ex: 题库No.2
  The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deerhaven Acres to all homeowners in Deerhaven Acres.
  “Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the community’s yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting.”
  主要错误：
  1. 外推类错误 Seven years ago
  2. 因果类错误 Since then，其实只是时序关系
  3. 错误类比

  攻击：地产平均价格翻了三番的结果未必是由于规定房屋颜色这一说法导致的，很有可能来自其他原因……即便地产平均价格翻了三番是由于规定房屋颜色的原因，但这也只是7年前的一个因果关系，这一趋势未必在将来会延续下去……即便地产平均价格翻了三番是由于规定房屋颜色的原因，同时这一趋势也能够延续到将来，但是这也只是B社区存在的因果关系和未来趋势，这样一个趋势以及因果关系以及这样一种做法未必能够移植到D社区……

如何写结尾段

• 作者在某结论上是毫无根据的，因为他没能够提出有效的证据去支持他的结论和观点。只是通过几个错误的假设和英国关系、调查是不能够说明任何问题的。如果要使得论证更加令人信服，论者必须提供哪些方面的信息、哪些方面的证据、哪些方面的调查数据。只有包含了以上提出的假设因素之后，论者方能够体现出他更强的逻辑性。这篇文章也才能够被人信服。
• 注意虚拟语气
  

调查类逻辑错误

• 标志词：Survey, Study
• 攻击：样本的质量，数量和取样过程是否科学合理
• Procedure调查过程
  • Selective Sample选择性、片面性样本
    攻击点：样本选择不随机、不具代表性
    攻击技巧：调查对象前一系列限定性定语或修饰语
    Ex: 题库No.3 大概有80多道题目涉及此小类错误
    The following appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city of Megalopolis.
    “In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms declined by 15 percent over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work.”
    攻击：这个调查只调查了一年级的学生，一年级的学生不能代表毕业生。同时这个调查也只调查了法学院的一年级学生，法学院的一年级学生不能代表其他学院的学生，更不能代表其他学院的毕业生。同时这个调查之调查了顶尖法学院，顶尖法学院不能代表M地区所有恰法学院的就业情况。
  • Quantity of the Sample样本数量太少
    攻击点：样本数量少，即便有典型性也不能说明问题。
    Ex: 题库No.180
    The following is a recommendation from the personnel director to the president of Acme Publishing Company.
    “Many other companies have recently stated that having their employees take the Easy Read Speed-Reading Course has greatly improved productivity. One graduate of the course was able to read a five-hundred-page report in only two hours; another graduate rose from an assistant manager to vice president of the company in under a year. Obviously, the faster you can read, the more information you can absorb in a single workday. Moreover, Easy Read costs only $500 per employee—a small price to pay when you consider the benefits to Acme. Included in this fee is a three-week seminar in Spruce City and a lifelong subscription to the Easy Read newsletter. Clearly, Acme would benefit greatly by requiring all of our employees to take the Easy Read course.”
    攻击：One graduate … another graduate …数量太少
  • 攻击语言
    
• Result of the Survey调查结果
  • 数据无意义<小错误>
    Ex: 题库No.194（高频题）
    A recent study suggests that people who are left-handed are more likely to succeed in business than are right-handed people. Researchers studied photographs of 1,000 prominent business executives and found that 21 percent of these executives wrote with their left hand. So the percentage of prominent business executives who are left-handed (21 percent) is almost twice the percentage of people in the general population who are left-handed (11 percent). Thus, people who are left-handed would be well advised to pursue a career in business, whereas people who are right-handed would be well advised to imitate the business practices exhibited by left-handers.
    攻击点：左撇子在著名商业经理中的比例比在正常人群中高不能代表左撇子适合做商业经理
    Ex: 题库No.14
    The following appeared in a memo from the owner of Green Thumb Gardening Center, a small business serving a suburban town.
    “There is evidence that consumers are becoming more and more interested in growing their own vegetables. A national survey conducted last month indicated that many consumers were dissatisfied with the quality of fresh vegetables available in supermarkets. And locally, the gardening magazine Great Gardens has sold out at the Village News stand three months in a row. Thus, we at Green Thumb Gardening Center can increase our profits by greatly expanding the variety of vegetable seeds we stock for gardeners this coming spring.”
    攻击点：大花园杂志内容可能和种菜无关系，目的也不清楚，发行量也不清楚
  • 数据是否含糊vague（数据多是错，数据少是错，没说数量更是错）
    标志词：all, many, a number of, most绝对数量; percentage, proportion相对比值
    绝对数量和相对比值均需在调查中提供，否则就有问题
    • 攻击“无相对比值”
      
    • 攻击“无绝对数值”
      

    Ex: 题库No.102
    The following appeared in a letter from the mayor of Tudor City.
    “After a major airline chose Yorkville as its regional flight hub, the number of businesses in that city almost doubled and local tax revenue increased by 50 percent. In addition, as travel to Yorkville became easier, most respondents to a survey of the country’s top executives identified Yorkville as a desirable place to transact business. To secure efficient transportation for Tudor City and stimulate our local economy, we should build a new airport, like the one in Yorkville, that is suitable for a regional flight hub.”
    攻击点：double，无绝对数值

  • Respondents回应者错误<小错误>
    Ex: 题库No.115
    The following appeared in a clothing industry trade journal in the country of Sartoria.
    “A popular fashion magazine recently conducted a survey of consumers’ opinions about clothing prices, using prepaid mailing envelopes. Eighty-nine percent of the approximately 20,000 respondents
    reported that they were either “dissatisfied” or “very dissatisfied” with current clothing prices. The large number of responses indicates that the Sartorian clothing industry is at risk. Given the survey results, clothing manufacturers must find a way to reduce prices in order to keep their existing customers and maintain their businesses.”
    攻击点：出现Respondents，回应者可能只占被调查者的一小部分，因而获得的数据所占比例更小，强调占overall的比例而不是respondents中的比例
    
  • Who conducted the survey?调查者错误<小错误>
    cross-bencher 中立的 nonaligned
    
    Ex: 题库No.179
    The following is a memorandum written by the director of personnel to the president of the Cedar Corporation.
    “It would be a mistake to rehire the Good-Taste Company to supply the food in our employee cafeteria next year. It is the second most expensive caterer in the city. In addition, its prices have risen in each of the last three years, and it refuses to provide meals for people on special diets. Just last month three employees complained to me that they no longer eat in the cafeteria because they find the experience ‘unbearable.’ Our company should instead hire Discount Foods. Discount is a family-owned local company and it offers a varied menu of fish and poultry. I recently tasted a sample lunch at one of the many companies that Discount serves and it was delicious—an indication that hiring Discount will lead to improved employee satisfaction.”
    攻击点：‘我’最近在由D提供服务的公司之一品尝了一份样品。。。这说明。。。调查者可能存在着利益冲突
  • When was the survey conducted?调查时间错误<小错误>
    在时间轴上，做调查的时间和通过调查得出结论的时间在时间上足够的接近
    Ex: 题库No.36
    The following appeared in an article written by Dr. Karp, an anthropologist.
    “Twenty years ago Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited the island of Tertia and concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological parents. However, my recent interviews with children living in the group of islands that includes Tertia show that these children spend much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the village. This research proves that Dr. Field’s conclusion about Tertian village culture is false, and thus that the observation-centered approach to studying cultures is invalid. Because they are using the interview-centered method, my team of graduate students working in Tertia will establish a much more accurate understanding of child-rearing traditions there and in other island cultures.”
    攻击点：调查的时间前后差了20年，理所应当可能得出不同的结论
    

Sufficient Evidence and Necessary Condition 充分必要条件类错误

1. Sufficient Evidence 充分条件
   标志次：once
   攻击点：A不充分导致B, B的发生还依赖于它因（C D E…）
   Ex: 题库No.170
   For the past five years, consumers in California have been willing to pay twice as much for oysters from the northeastern Atlantic Coast as for Gulf Coast oysters. This trend began shortly after harmful bacteria were found in a few raw Gulf Coast oysters. But scientists have now devised a process for killing the bacteria. Once consumers are made aware of the increased safety of Gulf Coast oysters, they are likely to be willing to pay as much for Gulf Coast as for northeastern Atlantic Coast oysters, and greater profits for Gulf Coast oyster producers will follow.
   攻击：安全性的提高这一条件是顾客购买商品时要考虑的一个因素，但不是顾客购买的充分因素。顾客是否会购买还依赖于许多其他因素共同构成，比如：牡蛎的价格是否合理，口味是否合理等。所有原因综合可能才会导致消费者对于牡蛎的购买与否。
   
2. Necessary Condition 必要条件
   作者在原文中一般会指出：A的发生是导致B发生的必要条件
   攻击时要指出：没A的发生，如果有C D E…任何一个到两个因素的发生也可以导致B的发生
   标志词：极端性词汇如only, extrem
   Ex: 题库No.195（难题之一）有几十道题目
   The following is a letter from an editor at Liber Publishing Company to the company’s president.
   “In recent years, Liber has unfortunately moved away from its original mission: to publish the works of regional small-town authors instead of those of big-city authors. Just last year, 90 percent of the novels we published were written by authors who maintain a residence in a big city. Although this change must have been intended to increase profits, it has obviously backfired, because Liber is now in serious financial trouble. The only way to address this problem is to return to our original mission. If we return to publishing only the works of regional small-town authors, our financial troubles will soon be resolved.”
   攻击：图书卖的不好而导致财政问题，不是由于大城镇还是小城镇这个因素决定的。更多的是取决于图书的印刷质量，图书的价格，图书的宣传方式，甚至图书的内容类别。因此，到底应该采取哪方面的措施需要仔细的考究和市场调研，而不能主观的认为小城镇这一条件是唯一条件。
   

Cause and Effect Fallacies 因果关系类错误
充分必要类错误一般是对将来的预测，而因果关系类错误一般是对过去的判断

• Non Sequitur 无因果类错误
  机理：作者一般指出A发生导致B发生，即A是B的原因，B是A的结果；我们要破坏这层因果关系，指出B这一结果的发生是其他原因导致的。
  标志词：bacause, so, therefore, as a consequence, consequencely, hence但不一定存在标志词
  Ex: 题库No.212
  The following appeared in a memorandum from the new president of the Patriot car manufacturing company.
  “In the past, the body styles of Patriot cars have been old-fashioned, and our cars have not sold as well as have our competitors’ cars. But now, since many regions in this country report rapid increases in the numbers of newly licensed drivers, we should be able to increase our share of the market by selling cars to this growing population. Thus, we should discontinue our oldest models and concentrate instead on manufacturing sporty cars. We can also improve the success of our marketing campaigns by switching our advertising to the Youth Advertising agency which has successfully promoted the country’s leading soft drink.”
  攻击：导致车卖的不好的原因可能不是由于车型过时不过时这一因素决定的，而是由于其他原因。比如：价位过高，消费者承受不起，车的性能不好，养车费用太高，耗油量大等。
  
• Post hoc, ergo proper hoc 时序因果关系错误
  机理：作者一般来说会指出几年前发生的事情A，几年后发生事情B，作者在本来只是存在时序性关系的事件之间强行建立了因果关系；我们要破除这层逻辑关系，只保留时序关系。
  标志词：after this, since then, because of this, therefore
  Ex: 题库No.2
  The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deerhaven Acres to all homeowners in Deerhaven Acres.
  “Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the community’s yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting.”
  攻击：B平均价格翻了3翻发生在后，未必是由于发生在前的规定房屋颜色导致的结果；很可能来源于其他原因，比如：人们对于房屋的需求量增大了，经济发展了等。
  
• Concurrence 同时因果错误
  机理：在时间轴的某一个段内或某一个时刻上，AB两个事件同时发生，但作者在两事件中强行加入了逻辑联系或因果联系。我们要破除这层逻辑关系。
  标志词：also, meanwhile, with, parallel, under
  Ex: 题库No.85
  The following appeared in the letter to an editor of a Myrian newspaper.
  “Under Governor Winslow’s leadership over the past four years, Myria has enjoyed unprecedented prosperity. Average wage increases this year are higher than they have been at any time since the 1970’s, the number of people who report being unemployed has decreased by 10 percent, and construction of new homes is up by one third. In contrast, over the past four years Governor Winslow’s opponent, Mr. Homer, has been mayor of a city in which only a small number of new businesses have opened. If Myrians want another four years like the past four years, they should reelect Governor Winslow.”
  攻击：M经历的空前繁荣与W出任州长同时发生，但是M的繁荣未必是由于W领导导致的，很有可能是W地区的地理位置好、商家看中、投资力度大或者国家给予M经济政策更加宽松导致的，很可能任何人当州长都可以使M空前繁荣。
  只开展很少的新型工业不代表这个城市经济不繁荣，有可能这个城市以传统工业为主，但经济发展依然很好；即便这个城市的确经济发展不好，但未必是由于市长构成了这个原因，有可能是城市地理位置不好，商业发展滞后等原因导致的。
  
• Confuse the cause and effect 混淆因果错误
  机理：作者说A的发生导致B的发生，首先攻击两者之间不存在因果关系；进而让步，即便真的存在因果关系，但似乎我们通过常理可以看出，更多的可能是由于B的发生导致A的发生。
  让步式攻击，先攻击其他类型，再攻击本类别错误
  Ex: 题库No.25 题库中有不少这样的题目
  The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of Hopewell.
  “Two years ago, the town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel. During the past two years, tourism in Ocean View has increased, new businesses have opened there, and Ocean View’s tax revenues have risen by 30 percent. The best way to improve Hopewell’s economy, and generate additional tax revenues, is to build a golf course and resort hotel similar to those in Ocean View.”
  攻击无因果：O开设了许多新的商业以及税收增加不是由于新的高尔夫球场以及独家旅馆的建立所导致的，很有可能来源于其他原因。
  混淆因果关系：即便这两个事件的确存在因果关系，但似乎常理告诉我们应当是商业发展所导致税收增加以至于导致的结果是有能力建立一个新的市立高尔夫球场和独家旅馆。
  

Changing Scope Fallacies 范围变化类错误
标志词：throughout the country, nationwide, statewide, all over, overall
题库中有70-80题

• Different Concepts 偷换概念
  论据描述的是A，可是结论却是B
  Ex: 题库No.167
  A folk remedy* for insomnia, the scent in lavender flowers, has now been proved effective. In a recent study, 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night for three weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled room where their sleep was monitored. During the first week, volunteers continued to take their usual sleeping medication. They slept soundly but wakened feeling tired. During the second week, the volunteers discontinued their medication. As a result, they slept less soundly than the previous week and felt even more tired. During the third week, the volunteers slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks. This shows that over a short period of time lavender cures insomnia.
  remedy偏方<注释不要攻击！！>
  攻击：insomnia和睡得香不香和长不长没关系
  
• What is true for a member is also for the group 由个体推整体
  Ex: 题库No.8
  The following appeared in a memorandum issued by the strategic planning department at Omni Inc.
  “Mesa Foods, a manufacturer of snack foods that currently markets its products within a relatively small region of the country, has strong growth potential. Mesa enjoyed a 20 percent increase in profits last year, and its best-selling product, Diabolique Salsa, has had increased sales over each of the past three years. Since Omni Inc. is interested in reaching 14-to-25 year olds, the age group that consumes the most snack food, we should buy Mesa Foods, and concentrate in particular on marketing Diabolique Salsa throughout the country.”
  攻击：无法由个体地区推得全国情况，因为不同地区的居民对于食品的口味不同，种类不同；因此有可能存在的情况是，我们全国的其他地区有可能不习惯于Diabolique Salsa.
  
• Assuming that characteristics of a group apply to each group member 由整体推个体
  Ex: 题库No.206 重点题库
  The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Parkville Daily Newspaper.
  “Throughout the country last year, as more and more children below the age of nine participated in youth-league softball and soccer, over 80,000 of these young players suffered injuries. When interviewed for a recent study, youth-league softball players in several major cities also reported psychological pressure from coaches and parents to win games. Furthermore, education experts say that long practice sessions for these sports take away time that could be used for academic activities. Since the disadvantages apparently outweigh any advantages, we in Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competition for children under nine.”
  全部都有，整体->个体以及个体->整体
  
• Average 平均类错误
  平均无法推得个体情况，个体也无法推得平均情况
  Ex: 题库No.240
  The following appeared in a memo written by a dean at Buckingham College.
  “To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a new dormitory. Buckingham’s enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, should double over the next fifty years, thus making existing dormitories inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has increased in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, an attractive new dormitory would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham.”
  攻击：平均租金的上涨未必代表我们学校所字啊的地区的房租也会上涨

Incomplete Thought 考虑问题不全面

• Failing to weigh the advantage and disadvantage thoroughly
  机理：单一的考虑问题
  Ex: 题库No.206
  The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Parkville Daily Newspaper.
  “Throughout the country last year, as more and more children below the age of nine participated in youth-league softball and soccer, over 80,000 of these young players suffered injuries. When interviewed for a recent study, youth-league softball players in several major cities also reported psychological pressure from coaches and parents to win games. Furthermore, education experts say that long practice sessions for these sports take away time that could be used for academic activities. Since the disadvantages apparently outweigh any advantages, we in Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competition for children under nine.”
  攻击：即便体育比赛会带来伤病、受伤，产生一定的心理压力，但是我们不能忽略体育部赛对于青少年身体以及心理的积极作用。比如：让孩子更加的阳光，身体发育更加的健康等。
  Ex: 题库No.96
  The following appeared in a magazine focusing on health and fitness.
  “A recent study of several nutritional supplements showed that subjects who took a daily pill containing luceen had significantly better vision of distant objects than subjects in the study who took other nutritional supplements. Luceen appears naturally in a tasty fruit that grows on the island of Bonopia, and very few inhabitants of that island wear eyeglasses or other corrective lenses. Such evidence suggests that people who develop vision problems should take regular luceen supplements.”
  差异概念：不戴眼镜一定代表视力没有问题吗？
  即便L物质可以治愈视力有问题的人，但是否可能带来负面影响呢？
  远距离视力 vs 视力有问题 以部分推整体
  
• Profit<重要逻辑错误>
  机理：作者通过做一个什么事情之后，势必将来会产生一个利润（Profit）。利润是两个因素共同作用之后的结果。利润=收入 – 成本，作者只是片面强调了收入的增加，但是没有阐明成本的问题。
  标志词：profit, profitable
  Ex: 题库No.170
  For the past five years, consumers in California have been willing to pay twice as much for oysters from the northeastern Atlantic Coast as for Gulf Coast oysters. This trend began shortly after harmful bacteria were found in a few raw Gulf Coast oysters. But scientists have now devised a process for killing the bacteria. Once consumers are made aware of the increased safety of Gulf Coast oysters, they are likely to be willing to pay as much for Gulf Coast as for northeastern Atlantic Coast oysters, and greater profits for Gulf Coast oyster producers will follow.
  攻击：紧紧围绕杀灭细菌的工艺来说。
  让步式攻击法：先攻击条件不充分。
  安全性的提高这一条件是顾客购买商品时需要考虑的因素，但不是顾客购买的充分因素。顾客是否会购买还依赖于很多其他因素共同构成，比如：牡蛎的价格是否合理，口味是否合适等。所有原因加总可能才会导致消费者对于牡蛎的购买与否。
  即便安全性是人们考虑的主要因素甚至是唯一因素，能够给公司带来巨大收入，但是正如作者所说，雇用科学家设计的这套杀灭细菌的工艺有可能会制造大量的市场成本、设计成本、工艺成本；同时整个牡蛎市场、海鲜市场的大萧条有可能造成一个牡蛎经营不景气的局面，都有可能阻止利润的产生。
  Ex: 题库No.180
  The following is a recommendation from the personnel director to the president of Acme Publishing Company.
  “Many other companies have recently stated that having their employees take the Easy Read Speed-Reading Course has greatly improved productivity. One graduate of the course was able to read a five-hundred-page report in only two hours; another graduate rose from an assistant manager to vice president of the company in under a year. Obviously, the faster you can read, the more information you can absorb in a single workday. Moreover, Easy Read costs only $500 per employee—a small price to pay when you consider the benefits to Acme. Included in this fee is a three-week seminar in Spruce City and a lifelong subscription to the Easy Read newsletter. Clearly, Acme would benefit greatly by requiring all of our employees to take the Easy Read course.”
  攻击：1. 机会成本（为了得到某种利益，而放弃另外一部分事情所产生的成本）让所有员工停工去参加Easy Read课程而产生的机会成本；2. 其他成本：雇用培训师；授课地点的租赁费用
  

All things remain unchanged over time 外推类错误

• Past conditions remain unchanged in the present and future
  过去的情况不能推得现在的情况和未来的情况
  机理：时间轴上曾经的一个好的趋势，到现在未必依然很好，将来也未必可以保证；因为很多背景信息会发生剧烈的变化，人们无法预见的变化。
  标志词：具体时间如seven years ago/ten years ago/last year, trend, tendancy
  Ex: 题库No.2
  The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deerhaven Acres to all homeowners in Deerhaven Acres.
  “Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the community’s yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting.”
  攻击：七年前这个趋势——关注房屋颜色，未必会延续到现在，更未必会延续到将来；将来人们可能不关注房屋的颜色，更多的关注房屋的其他属性，比如房屋大小、地理位置等。
  先攻击时序因果错误，再攻击外推类错误。
  地产平均翻了3翻不是由于房屋规定颜色导致的。即便地产平均价格是由于房屋规定颜色导致的，但那也只是7年前的趋势。
  
• Present Conditions will remain unchanged into the future
  现在的情况不能推得未来的情况
  Ex: 题库No.240
  The following appeared in a memo written by a dean at Buckingham College.
  “To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a new dormitory. Buckingham’s enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, should double over the next fifty years, thus making existing dormitories inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has increased in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, an attractive new dormitory would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham.”
  攻击：不能够以现在的趋势推得未来的情况；指出未来和现在之间存在的一些将可能发生变化的因素，比如：教学质量的下降就会导致报名人数的下降等。

Vague Evidence 论据含糊<小错误>
它的出现标志着让步式攻击在False Analogy错误中的出现

• Promise 承诺类错误<小问题>
  Ex: 题库No.225
  The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a local newspaper.
  “During her three years in office, Governor Riedeburg has shown herself to be a worthy leader. Since she took office, crime has decreased, the number of jobs created per year has doubled, and the number of people choosing to live in our state has increased. These trends are likely to continue if she is reelected. In addition, Ms. Riedeburg has promised to take steps to keep big companies here, thereby providing jobs for any new residents. Anyone who looks at Ms. Riedeburg’s record can tell that she is the best-qualified candidate for governor.”
  攻击：他承诺说他要采取措施使大公司留在这里，而他未必能够履行他的诺言。即便他努力旅行他的诺言，但他未必有能力让大的公司留在这里提供就业机会。即便他能够说服大公司为我们地区居民提供就业机会，但他未必能够说服大公司为新移居来的居民提供就业机会。这样一个主管的承诺就不足以导致论据支持结论。
• 依存型False Analogy
  机理：作者说A做了某件事，那么B地区也应该效仿之。但作者并没有提高该事件为A带来的益处。先攻击依存型FA，再攻击FA
  Ex: 题库No.43
  The following appeared as part of a business plan developed by the manager of the Rialto Theater.
  “Despite its downtown location, the Rialto Movie Theater, a local institution for five decades, must make big changes or close its doors forever. It should follow the example of the new Apex Theater in the mall outside of town. When the Apex opened last year, it featured a video arcade, plush carpeting and seats, and a state-of-the-art sound system. Furthermore, in a recent survey, over 85 percent of respondents reported that the high price of newly released movies prevents them from going to the movies more than five times per year. Thus, if the Rialto intends to hold on to its share of a decreasing pool of moviegoers, it must offer the same features as Apex.”
  攻击：作者没有提供Apex Theater通过这些豪华设备的引进提高它的票房收入。即便Apex Theater通过这种措施能够提高收入，但是Apex Theater和R Theater地处位置不同，决定了他们的消费人群不同。而且Profit上面。。。

Analogy and Comparison 横比和纵比

• False Analogy 错误类比 重点
  攻击方法：首先指出两个地区/人/行业之间的错误类比；列举两者之间的种种差异，未能排除这些可能的差异的情况下，不能够导出结论。
  标志词：follow, neighboring, neighbourhood, 两个城市/人/行业的名字, 引言句出现的名字，正文未显现
  Ex: 题库No.2o4
  The following appeared as a letter to the editor of a farming publication.
  “With continuing publicity about the need for healthful diets, and with new research about the harmful effects of eating too much sugar, nationwide demand for sugar will no doubt decline. Therefore, farmers in our state should use the land on which they currently grow sugar cane to grow peanuts, a food that is rich in protein and low in sugar. Farmers in the neighboring country of Palin greatly increased their production of peanuts last year, and their total revenues from that crop were quite high.”
  攻击：P地区种植花生所导致的成功未必代表我们国家种植花生也会获得同样的成功；因为两个国家虽然在地理位置上接近，但环境、水土、气候未必相似，种种差异可能导致我们无法种植花生，并取得贸易上的收入。
  Ex: 题库No.226
  The following appeared as part of a memo from the manager of an automobile manufacturing company.
  “Because the demand for our automobiles is expected to increase dramatically, we need to open a new manufacturing plant as soon as possible in order to continue to thrive. Our marketing projections indicate that 80 million people will want to buy our automobiles, yet our existing plant can only produce 40 million automobiles. The new plant can be opened on a part-time basis, with workers from our existing site rotating responsibilities, until an operational staff can be trained. A major airplane manufacturer was extremely successful using this part-time rotating strategy when it opened its new plant five years ago.”
  攻击点：两个行业间的差异
  
  
• Incomplete or selective comparison 不完整或选择性比较
  Ex: 题库No.233
  The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of a company that builds shopping malls throughout the country.
  “The surface of a section of Route 101, paved two years ago by McAdam Road Builders, is now badly cracked and marred by dangerous potholes. In another part of the state, a section of Route 66, paved by Appian Roadways more than four years ago, is still in good condition. Appian Roadways has recently purchased state-of-the-art paving machinery, and it has hired a new quality-control manager. Because of its superior work and commitment to quality, we should contract with Appian Roadways rather than McAdam Road Builders to construct the access roads for all our new shopping malls.”
  攻击：作者拿101公路的一段和66公路中的一段来进行比较，以此来说明M公司修路水平差，A公司修路水平好。101公路中的一段开裂不代表整体修的不好，同时66号公路保存良好不代表整体修的好。即便101公路修的不好，66号公路修的好，但这也都是两公司修的诸多公路中的一条，不能由此证明两公司的修路水平。即便M公司修公路修的不好，不代表商业街修的不好。
  两个公路之间的差异，因果逻辑错误
• Comparison and Variation 横比和纵比
  错误类比：在空间上的错误类比——横比；外推类错误：在时间上的错误类比——纵比

False Dilemma 非此即彼类错误<小错误>

标志词：either or
攻击机理：作者往往会对一个现象列出两个理由，并否定其中一个理由，从而为加证明的说明是第二个理由。
Ex: 题库No.47
Scientists studying historical weather patterns have discovered that in the mid-sixth century, Earth suddenly became significantly cooler. Although few historical records survive from that time, some accounts found both in Asia and Europe mention a dimming of the sun and extremely cold temperatures. Either a huge volcanic eruption or a large meteorite colliding with Earth could have created a large dust cloud throughout Earth’s atmosphere that would have been capable of blocking enough sunlight to lower global temperatures significantly. A large meteorite collision, however, would probably create a sudden bright flash of light, and no extant historical records of the time mention such a flash. Some surviving Asian historical records of the time, however, mention a loud boom that would be consistent with a volcanic eruption. Therefore, the cooling was probably caused by a volcanic eruption.
攻击点：否定了撞击地球，因此推导是火山爆发导致的。

Unwarrented Assumption 无理假设

调查类错误；因果类错误；错误类比；外推类错误 其实也是无理假设错误。如果找不到合适的段落套，可以用无理假设的方式来套用（不区分具体的错误类别）

Hasty Generalization 急于概括类错误

任何Argument（因为都有结论）都可套用。
Ex: 题库No.168
Typically, as people age, their bone mass decreases, making them more vulnerable to bone fractures. A recent study concludes that the most effective way to reduce the risk of fractures in later life is to take twice the recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium daily. The three-year study followed a group of French women in their eighties who were nursing-home residents. The women were given daily supplements of twice the recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium. In addition, the women participated in a light weightlifting program. After three years, these women showed a much lower rate of hip fractures than is average for their age.
文章结论：每天服用双倍于推荐用量的维生素D和钙
攻击：调查类错误（片面样本） 养老院生活的，80多岁的，法国妇女
急于概括类错误，没有提供其他更好的选择。。。
Ex: 题库No.172
The Mozart School of Music should obviously be the first choice of any music student aware of its reputation. First of all, the Mozart School stresses intensive practice and training, so that students typically begin their training at a very young age. Second, the school has ample facilities and up-to-date professional equipment, and its faculty includes some of the most distinguished music teachers in the world. Finally, many Mozart graduates have gone on to be the best known and most highly paid musicians in the nation.
结论：Mozart音乐学校显然应该是学音乐学生的第一选择。
急于概括类错误，没有提供其他的音乐学校。

GRE作文：韦晓亮老师。参考书目《GRE作文大讲堂——方法、素材、题目剖析》

GRE作文：Argument和Issue两个部分

备考目标：

• 5-5.5是理想分数
• 6为满分基本不可能
• 4.5为理想分数底线

Issue（45分钟）

• 根据所选Topic（2选1）作文
• 逻辑立论文
• 450-600words
• Issue是作文难点，特别难在：1. 审题（很容易离题，如题库No.11, No.93，注意把握keyword）；2. Evidence（平时获取Evidence并注意积累）

Argument（30分钟）

• 给出观点短文（1篇，无选择）
• 驳论文，指出驳斥题目中的主要逻辑错误

GRE写作与阅读的关系

1. 逻辑上
   GRE阅读方法：译读法（一句句读），循读法（先Structure再主要内容）
   译读法弊端：
   • 时间不够
   • You get the form, forget the idea. 读的越懂，做的越惨

   GRE写作精髓：重在文章Logic，基于逻辑层面操作
   GRE写作/阅读中的重要逻辑：

   • admittedly 诚然的，让步语气
   • however, nevertheless, but, yet等 转折语气

   属混合态度，全面的但是有侧重点的分析一个事物的利和弊
   eg: Admittedly, smoking is harmful to people’s health, but…
   作者倾向于对smoking的态度是？（C）
   A. Support    B. Oppose    C. Support(with qualifications)    D. Oppose(with qualifications)

2. 素材上
   积累素材，参考文章：
   • GRE阅读长短文章
   • www.rd.com 读者文摘
   • www.economist.com 经济学家
   • www.reason.com //特别推荐

GRE写作与词汇的关系

GRE写作中，GRE词汇属于锦上添花的部分

• 韦氏词典小红宝的应用（英英词典）
  英文释义=>替代这个词汇
  贬义、褒义在中文翻译中的偏差
  eg: progmatic “功利的”，”Concerns with practical consequence of actions or believes”
  The government should be progmatic. => The government should be progmatic, in other words they should concerns with practical sequences of actions or believes.
• GRE词汇中的特殊词汇——有词源的词汇=>用到了素材，典故，很有档次
  eg: Sphinx riddle, Augean stable

GRE写作

1. 考试形式
   Issue 45分钟 立论文 二选一
   Argument 30分钟 驳论文
2. 评分标准与评分原则
   • 分数核算
     Issue两个人平均（0～6分）
     Argument两个人平均（0～6分）
     作文分数为：Issue和Argument的平均分，注意按照.5满进，如5.25->5.5
   • 评分权重
     文章的思想内容
     文章的逻辑结构
     文章的语言表达
     思想内容：鼓励新颖观点（出彩），用“非主流观点”，但要自圆其说
     结构逻辑：形式结构很八股，明确的开头、结尾等，一定要确保结构完整（如不能缺少结尾等！）
   • ETS评分：阅卷人+电脑评分
     电子阅卷器E-rator关注：
     • Average length of sentences
     • 多音节词个数
     • 逻辑连接词个数
3. 机考流程
   准考证
   笔考地点一定不要跳过：联系模拟
4. 备考策略
   • 力争Issue（相对合格），确保Argument（拿到高分，越高越有保障）
     Issue短期提高较难
   • 题库练习
     Issue: 244题（1个重复）
     题库类似话题很多=>按照功能性段落总结
     Argument: 242题
     逻辑错误在不同的内容和主题里反复复现

Vincent => Vi

Youz

Wenqing Gu

个人揣测文中所说的某公司就是：“中外服”。还好当时擦亮了眼睛。天上不会掉馅饼，关键还是得靠自己！

转自：http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2009-01-20/124717082300.shtml

□实习生 陶斯然记者 王智宇 报道

“能去美国几个月，一边旅游一边进入国际大公司实习，至于价格，只需带基本费用，其他的实习工资就足够了。 ”这是一家海外带薪实习项目的广告语。近年来，这样的“海外实习”突然增多，吸引了很多大学生。可到了美国后，很多人发现，原来现实和想象有着这样大的差 异：国际大公司实习变成快餐店打工，晚上则是6、7个 “工友”“群租”一间，房租更是超过当地价格的两倍。

究竟是学生之前没有了解清楚，还是项目本身有意无意 “疏漏”了必要的介绍？这些海外带薪实习项目的真正目的又是什么？

日前，记者探访了参加海外带薪实习项目的学生以及项目方，揭开被称为“现代版洋插队”的面纱。

质疑

海外实习如何变“洋插队”

实习内容：操作过山车，扫垃圾

史同学去年参加某公司组织的海外带薪实习项目，在去美国前他在心中盘算：“在美国待3个月，英语一定非常的流利；美国知名企业实习，是将来找工 作的一个重要经历；对于申请美国大学，这段实习经历一定有很大的帮助。 ”可到了美国之后，他得到的工作却是在游乐场中操作过山车。

“我还算好的，我们中有些人干的就是扫垃圾。”史同学气愤地说。记者了解到，在这批同学到达美国后，即被分到各个不同的地区开始实习。

史同学们所在的Santa Clarita坐落于洛杉矶北部四十英里，是一座以旅游和大型游乐场闻名的城市。该城市属于山地沙漠气候，高温干旱，夏季平均温度超过40度，在这样的工 作条件下，当地甚至发生了员工被热死的案例。而史同学和其他同伴就被安排在这样的地区，从事基层的体力劳动， “我们中其他人有的在餐厅工作，或者担当游乐场玩偶，或者直接就是扫垃圾，大部分人从事的都是户外工作”。

史同学说，他们进入的都是国际名企，但都无一例外地从事着最为基础的工作。

“作为过山车操作员，我必须站在过山车旁边，像机器人一样在长达一天的时间里重复着同一套操作动作，头顶烈日暴晒，每当高分贝的过山车从他头顶身旁呼啸而过时，总感到一阵晕眩。”史同学说，从事这类工作基本没有当地人，都是和他一样的实习生。

住宿环境：生活在高危社区

“到达美国的第一天凌晨，我们这个项目一起从北京来的三男三女就在生活的社区遭到一名黑人跟踪，在尾随他们进入公寓后，黑人掏出枪想要抢劫他们的行李，他们奋起反抗，结果一名男生被打得头破血流，在众人帮助下送去了医院。”回想起这件事情，史同学还心有余悸。

但这并不是史同学们在美国遭遇到的唯一一起犯罪事件， “还有一个同学在游泳池附近上网，直接被人抢劫；还有一起趁屋里没人，把玻璃砸了入室盗窃……”到达美国之后，住宿安全问题一直困扰着他们，他们也为此做 过调查。史同学说，他们中有同学的亲戚在美国工作，在来这个社区看了之后就说，凭着自己多年在美国生活的经验，觉得这里非常不安全。也有人曾询问当地警察 有关该社区的治安状况，却被告知：该社区每个月至少发生一起严重刑事事件！警察甚至用调侃的语气说： “你们最好带枪。”

在实习期间，由于工作原因，有时候同学们不得不在晚上11点后才能回宿舍，毫无疑问，这也加大了他们的不安全性。 “没有办法，我们必须工作来挣房租，只能加班。”回想起这段历史，史同学稚嫩的脸上显露出和年龄不符的成熟。

交锋

“美国梦”和“美国懵”

关于工作学生：“谁会愿意去扫垃圾？”

记者手中拿着史同学去年所参加的项目文件，上面的岗位介绍中这样写道——常见岗位：销售助理、系统维护、公园向导、停车助理，单凭这样的描述很难了解实际工作的内容。

“在参加宣讲会的时候，他们有没有告诉你们工作会十分辛苦，会干这样的活？”记者询问史同学， “他们仅仅提了到美国后会比较辛苦，但是我们都理解为是因为文化或语言的原因导致的。至于工作岗位，如果他们早告诉我们去美国是打扫垃圾，我们谁会愿意去？”

项目方：我们肯定已经讲清楚

当记者将史同学的情况作为例子，询问该项目工作人员刘先生时，却得到了完全相反的答案。刘先生认为，这个问题不可能没有讲清楚，他向记者表示， 项目在进行校园宣讲时，同学们到了美国会做些什么，工作会比较辛苦，我们都有详尽说明，同学们也都是在了解了之后才决定加入这个项目来，这样的事情不可能 发生。

关于住宿学生：项目方安排有问题

史同学向记者透露了这样一个细节：在出发去美国前，他曾向项目负责人打听在美国的住宿地址，却没有得到任何答复。提前询问未果，却进了这样一个不安全的社区，史同学自然十分不满，“他们安排非常不周到，没有替我们考虑。 ”

项目方:这是国情差异导致

对于住宿的问题，项目方刘先生认为这是国情差异导致的， “中国学生相比外国学生，比较缺乏独立性和自理能力，我们这个项目在国外已经实行很多年，欧洲、日本还有其它很多地区的学生都来参加，他们基本上都是自己 找房子租，但中国学生却不可能，因此中国学生的房子都是由他所在的实习单位找的，不同的实习单位，有些安排得好一些，有些就要差一些。”

不过，刘先生认为项目方正在努力改善这种状况，说到有学生遭到抢劫，刘先生表示，项目方已高度关注这件事情，今年已经取消该实习单位的实习计划，避免类似的事件再次发生。

关于房租学生：房租比本地居民贵两倍

租金也是双方的矛盾焦点，史同学认为自己交了比社区其他人多了近一倍的房租：“我们算了一下，每个人每月所付租金是450美金，每个公寓住6— 7人，一间公寓的月租费也就2700—3150美金左右，同样住在该小区内的当地人却是1300美金。 ”史同学在向当地人打听后，得到“你们被坑了！”的回应。据史同学回忆，他们的房租费用并不是每月直接交给房东，而是从他们实习工资中扣除得，至于是由实 习单位还是由项目负责方交给房东，他们也不得而知。

项目方：因为短租所以价格贵

尽管相同社区的同学和居民间的租金相差近一倍，但刘先生认为“细算下来，这是合理的”。他向记者解释：租房中短租和长租间的价格有区别，短租要 贵一些，同时学生的房子中还有家具，而其他小区的居民则没有，这会造成比较大的差价，“这在美国是很正常的。”刘先生说道。至于房费的交纳，刘先生解释， 由于房子是实习单位给同学找的，因此房费也是通过实习单位交给房东，并没有经过项目方的手。

而记者也就此问题咨询一位在美国生活的人士，他认为，如果仅仅是短租和家具的话，不会有那么大的价格差距：“在美国，家具很便宜。其次，在美国 很多房子都是闲置的，很容易租到房子，有了这样的供求关系，短租和长租的价格差距不会很大。”同是参与此项目，但工作在不同地区的徐同学在接受采访时也坦 率地告诉记者：“我认为他们租金太贵了，后来我们了解到，我们的租金比当地居民的两倍还要多”。

说法

赴海外实习，先了解当地法律

“严格地说，我个人认为他们不能算实习，因为实习应该是和自己相关专业学习有关系的社会实践，而不是纯粹的体力活。”对于史同学们遭遇的现象，劳动法专家陆敬波先生表示。

陆先生提醒广大学生，在参加海外实习项目时，首先需要了解自己的行为是否符合当地法规。“比如说在中国，业内人士对于在肯德基这样的企业实习就 有不同看法，有些人认为这只是实习，而有些人认为这应该属于劳动合同范畴。”陆先生告诫同学，要研究美国当地法律之后再决定是否成行。

“其次，不要太听信宣传，要认真对待合同，宣传说得再好，也要保持谨慎，看看是否写进合同里，否则出现问题是没有办法通过法律途径解决的。 ”陆先生认为，如果是一份英文合同的话，一定要认真看懂再签字，同时合同一式两份，要把属于自己的那一份保管好。

“即使是齐全资质的公司，也并不一定可靠。 ”陆先生认为，选择项目方必须慎重挑选，有时候仅有资质是不够的，“有资质只能说明有最基础的资格从事相关活动，但并不能说明好坏。学生要查询公司的声 誉，通过网络和其它手段查询公司过往组织的活动，受到大众好评的公司才能保证提供比较好的服务”。

除了劳动法律问题，陆先生还建议同学考虑工作的安全问题，“从事基础性工作存在受伤的可能性，遇到工伤怎么办？美国的医疗比较贵，决定去前也要 考虑这方面情况。在我们中国对于天气超过一定温度就放假的要求，同学们在美国也要合理运用相关条例，保护自己的安全和权利”。

陆先生表示：海外实习机会来之不易，但学生在寻找海外实习时，要寻找实习企业方官方直接招聘的岗位，通过官方邮箱或官方网站收取简历的海外实习，专业可信度更大。

玄疑

“海外带薪项目”是否算实习

“海外带薪实习”对绝大部分本科生而言无疑具有相当的诱惑力，但在遭遇了理想和现实的巨大落差后，不少参与的学生和家长开始反思一些此前并未注意到的问题。而这些问题也给原本就有些扑朔迷离的项目本身，又增加了一丝玄疑。

语意曲解暑期工作和旅行

记者从项目方的官方网站了解到，所谓的“海外带薪实习”的准确名称是SummerWork& TravelUSA。

这个项目是基于美国政府于1948年通过的信息及教育交流法案（Smith-Mundt Act），该法案为交流访问项目建立了基本框架。此法案于1961年被纳入并扩展为教育及文化平等交流法案（Fulbright-HayesAct）。项 目在中国大陆推广前，已经在欧洲、美洲及亚洲其他国家和地区成功运作了30余年。

但当记者就项目的名称咨询一位来自美国的留学生时，他表示在美国专业的实习都被称为Internship，而SummerWork & TravelUSA严格意义上不能算是实习，只能算是一种暑假在美国工作和旅行的交流活动。

实习规模“逆市扩招”？

美国正在经历经济危机，失业人数直线上升，据最新消息，美国的最新失业率已达到十六年新高。但该项目似乎没有受到经济危机的冲击，反而是“逆市 扩招”。据记者了解，史同学参加的那一次海外实习项目共招聘800个学生赶赴美国，而今年该公司的目标招聘人数则暴涨到3500人，这并不是人数增长倍数 最大的一次，首次参加该项目的人数只有80人，而第二年也就是史同学那一年则招聘了800人，整整涨了9倍。

记者曾以这个问题采访项目方的多名工作人员，在记者的坚持下，一名不愿透露姓名的工作人员说：“美国的确经历严重的经济危机，但很多企业在这个时候为了节约人力成本，愿意雇佣一些相对美国本土人员便宜一点的员工，所以我们这个项目今年才继续扩招。 ”

庞大资金用途不明

记者了解到，参加海外带薪实习项目的同学到美国后，确实可以依靠实习工资保障基本生活，但问题是这些学生此前缴纳的数额不小的费用却没有一个详 细的清单，如申请实习岗位花费多少钱、申请美国社保卡花费多少等。记者粗略算了一笔账，仅报名费和项目金两块，整个带薪实习项目就涉及千万元资金。

记者以准备参加该项目的同学的身份从该项目报名电话中获悉，想要参加该项目，首先需要交纳2500元报名费，交纳报名费之后就是面试，如果没通过面试，则全数退还。

通过面试后，就需要进一步交纳一笔2150美金 （约1.45万元人民币）的项目金给项目的美国方。其中包括实习岗位的申请，申请签证的DS-2019表，美国社会安全卡和医疗保险办理，以及实习前的培 训费用等。据该工作人员介绍，其中主要的费用是花在实习岗位的申请与DS-2019表上面。两笔费用共计1.7万元，如不计算利润仅计算该项目收到的资 金，800个人参加项目就有约1360万人民币，而3500人的话，这个数目将达到约为5950万元。

记者手记

先弄清自己需要什么回报

□王智宇

如果在百度搜索上键入 “海外带薪实习”这几个关键字，页面上出现次数最多的搜索结果是这样一个帖子和转贴——“所谓的海外带薪实习不过是个骗钱的游戏”。

其实，如果简单地将“海外带薪实习”项目等同于骗钱，那是不公平的。

所谓“骗”，是指原本答应提供给你某种商品，但收了货款后却提供给你另一种你不需要的商品。因此，关于“海外带薪实习”这一系列问题的关键其实在于：学生自己究竟想要什么回报？是能力锻炼还是“海外带薪实习”这样一个漂亮的光环？

客观地说，即便在就业形势不紧张的时期，毕业生简历上如果有一栏 “国际知名公司海外带薪实习”的履历，在求职中也是很加分的。事实上，采访中不少学生也承认，正是因为看中“海外带薪实习”这个名头能给求职带来帮助，才考虑参加这个项目。

尽管在此后的实习、生活中遇到了种种不如意或者自觉 “吃亏”的地方，但不可否认地是，大部分学生确实获得了他们需要的东西——“海外带薪实习”的金色履历。如同一个商品，当你心甘情愿地按照价目表支付价 格，买到货物时，就不应该再要求店员额外捎带其他货物送给你，除非这些额外赠送是写在合同里的。

但是很遗憾，采访中记者没有找到太多的证据可以证明：锻炼能力、良好食宿等学生期盼但却没有得到的“商品”，是合同注明要连带“带薪实习”一起出售给学生的。

很显然，项目方压根就不是卖这些“商品”的；很难想象，如果一个打定主意要购买锻炼能力、良好食宿等“商品”的顾客，会这样草率地就接受这份项目协议，然后被“欺骗”。

之所以会产生此后的被欺骗感和种种纠纷，是因为学生自己没弄明白究竟需要什么。他们并不非常清楚究竟是 “海外带薪实习”这个名头本身还是能力锻炼让他们产生冲动参加这个项目，也不太明白“一分价钱一分货”这个市场原则。或许很多学生是在得到“海外带薪实习 ”这个“商品”后，发现商店里的其他货品看起来也不错，从而有了“欺诈消费”的感觉。

但项目方明显很清楚想得到什么回报，也很清楚市场原则。诚如项目方所言，美国人力市场需要较低廉的劳动力，而本土大学生需要“海外带薪实习”这 样的名号帮助求职，项目方也自然能够明确自己究竟该在其中出售什么样的“商品”来两边讨好。平心而论，项目方或许在某些合同细节的处理给涉世未深的大学生 上了一课，但确实称不上“欺诈消费”，因为没这个必要。

对于广大寻找各种途径帮助求职的大学生来说，诚如劳动法专家所言：“赴外实习前，先弄明白项目内容和当地法律。”这固然不错，但前提必须是：在此以前，先弄明白自己究竟想要得到什么。

一个几乎被废弃的BBS前几天刚刚杀完毒重新放上，哪知厄运连连。。（前段时间的确太忙，的确都没心情打理这些事情，那个挂马的同志所赐）

被Hostmonster告知占用数据库过多，被停用，要么删掉程序，要么搬走。。

可怜我2个电话打了100RMB（原来12593在非本地拨打国际电话按照标准计费），而且还没让客服接到，一直都在听广告。

幸好在网上的OnlineChat上找到了客服，得知了数据库的问题，也只能断掉链接，才得重新恢复访问。至少不能波及上面的其他网站。

对于这个BBS，个人觉得继续活在网上意义不大，因为根本没人好好经营好好打理，也没多少人访问（访问的多半是robot）。

而且似乎不是一般的空间能够拖得起来（于是成本很高，想当年用的是3000块的代理价买的空间），又因为一些不该发的帖子被公安讯问，俺的好几张保证书估计还在案卷里（强调了多少次不要做坏事就是没人听，也没有版主去管）。。

唉，为了这个BBS似乎已经得罪不少人了。天意啊。。